Evolutions of various solar indices around sunspot maximum and sunspot minimum years

Solar flares in the recent sunspot maximum

At the time of writing (October, 2005) we have almost completed the fourth solar maximum of the space age, during which we have had nearly continuous study of solar activity from above the Earth’s atmosphere. During the most recent part of this era the progress of technology has enabled new observations with unprecedented scope. As a result we have learned many new and important things about so...

spectral solar irradiance lower during the recent low sunspot minimum ?

Coronal Mass Ejections from Sunspot and non-Sunspot Regions

Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) originate from closed magnetic field regions on the Sun, which are active regions and quiescent filament regions. The energetic populations such as halo CMEs, CMEs associated with magnetic clouds, geoeffective CMEs, CMEs associated with solar energetic particles and interplanetary type II radio bursts, and shock-driving CMEs have been found to originate from sunspo...

Gps-derived Local Tec Mapping over Peninsula Malaysia during Solar Minimum of Sunspot Cycle 24

The ionosphere is the major contributor of errors in Global Positioning System (GPS), especially during the 11-year sunspot cycle. The incoming 11-year sunspot cycle is expected to peak in 2013. The ionosphere condition is distinctly severe during ionospheric disturbances caused by high solar activity, which raises the question of how will this affect the ionosphere in the equatorial region, es...

Flare and CME Properties and Rates at Sunspot Minimum

The corona at solar minimum generally differs greatly from that during active times. We discuss the current Cycle 23/24 minimum from the point of view of the occurrence of flares and CMEs (Coronal Mass Ejections). By comparison with the previous minimum, the flare/CME ratio diminished by almost an order of magnitude. This suggests that the environmental effect in flare/CME association differed ...